Preview

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science

Advanced search

Anonymity in Law, Criminalistics and Forensic Examination

https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-3-16-27

Abstract

The problem of establishing the identity of the anonymous author has always been a pressing task of criminalistics, forensic examination, literary and art studies. Since the end of the 19th century forensic scientists have been developing technical and tactical methods and means to recognize a person who is the author or at the same time author and performer of handwritten and typed texts, drawings, and audio messages. At present tactical, technical, and forensic support for the identification of the unknown author of computer materials, telecommunication messages and mailings are actively developing. Also, methods for applying artificial intelligence technologies during the investigative activities of this particular kind are being developed. The present article is devoted to an overview of the history, current state and prospects for the development of methods for obtaining information about a person from anonymous text and speech materials.

About the Authors

A. Ya. Asnis
Law Office “Asnis & Partners” of the Moscow City Bar Association
Russian Federation

Asnis Alexander Yakovlevich – Doctor of Law, Director 

Moscow 121099 



Sh. N. Khaziev
The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation

Khaziev Shamil Nikolaevich – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Principal Researcher at the Forensic Research Methodology Department

Moscow 109028 



References

1. Weber R.H., Heinrich U.I. Anonymization. UK: Springer, 2012. 73 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4066-5

2. Henderson L. Darknet: A Beginner’s Guide to Staying Anonymous. Lance Henderson, 2022. 124 p.

3. Dvoryankin O.A. Who is Hiding on the Internet and Why? Journal of Science. Lyon. 2022. No. 28. P. 13–21. (In Russ.).

4. Deineko A.G. Anonymity as an Organic Property of Cyberspace. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 26. State Audit. 2019. No. 3. P. 50–65. (In Russ.).

5. Svistilnikov A.B. Using the Institute of “Anonymous Promotion” in Countering Terrorist Acts and the Other Latent Crimes. Problems of Law Enforcement Activity. 2017. No. 1. P. 121–125. (In Russ.).

6. Bobrov V.G. About Citizens’ Anonymous Assistance to the Authorities Conducting Operational-investigative Activity. The Field Investigator (Sleuth). 2011. No. 2 (27). P. 28–32. (In Russ.).

7. Shumilov A.Yu. Commentary on the Federal Law “On Operational and Investigative Activities”. 7th ed. Moscow: IP I.I. Shumilova, 2007. 375 p. (In Russ.).

8. Shumilov A.Yu. Operational and Investigative Activities: Questions and Answers. Book 1. General Provisions: Scientific and Practical Guide. Moscow: ID I.I. Shumilova, 2008. 142 p. (In Russ.).

9. Medvedev S.V. Anonymous Letters to Moscow Police Institutions: Denunciations of Anti-Government Activity and Threats to the Authorities (1903-1907). RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series. 2016. No. 1. P. 47–58. (In Russ.)

10. Medvedev S.V. Anonymous Reports in the Moscow Security Department in 1909–1911. Herald of Vyatka State University. 2017. No. 9. P. 41–49. (In Russ.).

11. Vul S.M. On the Classification of Identification Features of Written Speech in Forensic Author’s Expertise. Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL). 2019. No. 5. P. 213–217 (In Russ.).

12. Ermolova E.I. The Problem of Determining the Gender and Age of the Author of an Anonymous Document Based on Written Speech. Forensic Expert. 2008. No. 4. P. 16–18. (In Russ.).

13. Nini A. Profiling the Anonymous Authors of Malicious Forensic Texts. 13th Biennial Conference of the International Association of Forensic Linguists. University of Porto, 2017. 16 p.

14. Pàstena P. Le Lettere Anonime: un Approccio Criminologico-criminalistico. Relazione tenuta Convegno Nazionale “Criminologia e scienze forensi nel processo penale italiano” (Palermo, 1–2 April 2006). 20 p.

15. Vul S.M. General Provisions of the Methodology for Solving Questions on the Social and Biographical Characteristics of a Document’s Author. Modern Issues of Forensic Examination and Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Forensic Institutions in the Fight Against Crime: Abstracts of the Republican Scientific Conference. Kiev: KNIISE, 1983. P. 147–149. (In Russ.).

16. Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Expert Resolution of Questions about the Native (Ukrainian, Belarusian) Language of the Author of a Document Written in Russian: Method. Guide for Experts / S.M. Vul (ed.). Moscow: VNIISE, 1982. 165 p. (In Russ.).

17. Galyashina E.I. Modern Forensic Author’s Examination of Information Materials Posted on the Internet: Professional and Qualification Requirements for an Expert. Modern Forensic Science. Materials of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference (Dushanbe, December 31, 2021). Dushanbe: Akademiya MVD Respubliki Tadzhikistan, 2022, P. 32–37. (In Russ.).

18. Galyashina E.I. Issues of Establishing the Author of an Interactive Polycode Text. Disputable Questions of the Theory and Practice of Forensic Science: Materials of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference (Moscow, March, 25–26, 2021). Moscow: RGUP, 2021. P. 185–193. (In Russ.).

19. Drozdova T.N. Author’s Examination of Blogs. Bulletin of Criminalistics. 2010. No. 1 (33). P. 103–107. (In Russ.).

20. Zakharov M.P. Automation of Author’s Studies. Forensic Examination. 2007. No. 4 (12). P. 63–69. (In Russ.).

21. Saakov T.A. Algorithm of Forensic Research of the Author’s Demographic Characteristics Based on the Characteristics of Written Speech in the Era of Digitalization. Problems of Law Enforcement Activity. 2021. No. 3. P. 14–22. (In Russ.).

22. Osyak V.V. On Some Aspects of the Appointment and Production of a Forensic Phonoscopic Examination in the Investigation of a Deliberately False Report about an Act of Terrorism. Criminalistics and Forensic Examination: Science, Practice, Experience. Collection of Works of the All-Russian Forum (Moscow, April, 27–28, 2021). Moscow: Moskovskii universitet MVD Rossii imeni V.Ya. Kikotya, 2021. P. 212–217. (In Russ.).

23. Lebedeva A.K. Diagnostics of Characteristics of Person’s Appearance in Forensic Phonoscopic Examination. Criminal Procedure: Problems Of Theory and Practice. 2019. No. 1. P. 71–74. (In Russ.).

24. Aleinikov D.P., Rudenko M.B. Criminal Environment and Modern Anonymization Technologies on the Internet. Development of the Doctrine of Counteracting the Investigation of Crimes and Measures to Overcome Them in the Context of Digital Transformation. Collection of Scientific Articles Based on Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow: Academy of Management MVD of Russia, 2021. P. 506–508. (In Russ.).

25. Teng S-Y., Wen C-Y. A Forensic Examination of Anonymous Browsing Activities. Forensic Science Journal. 2018 Vol. 17. No. 1. P. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.6593/FSJ.2018.1701.01

26. Churin R.A., Rashchupkina V.A. The Current State of Computer Forensics in the Forensic Divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Actual Problems of the Theory and Practice of Computer Forensics: Materials of the IV Departmental Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow: Vladimir Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2022. P. 229–232. (In Russ.).

27. Oshlykova E.A. Specific Features of Investigating Illegal Sale of Narcotic Drugs by Noncontect Method and through the Internet. Civil Society and the Rule of Law. 2015. Vol. 2. P. 121–123. (In Russ.).

28. Tushkanova O.V., Zubkov A.A., Vavilin A.Yu., Gudkova M.A. Typical Methodology for the Production of Information and Analytical Expertise. Moscow: Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, 2023. 66 p. (In Russ.).


Review

For citations:


Asnis A.Ya., Khaziev Sh.N. Anonymity in Law, Criminalistics and Forensic Examination. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2023;18(3):16-27. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-3-16-27

Views: 414


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 1819-2785 (Print)
ISSN 2587-7275 (Online)