Forensic Expertise in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)
https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-2-29-36
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution basing on computer and information technologies, various software, hardware is rapidly gaining momentum in the modern world. First of all, these include big data processing technologies, blockchain, Internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, 3D printing, printed electronics, artificial intelligence, robotics, biotechnology. Alongside the positive effects, it is expected that the revolution will lead to some negative social consequences, including the growth of intellectual and high-tech crime. The article aims to analyze the causes and conditions of emerging new crime resulting from Industry 4.0 and their effect on the development of forensic science.
The author highlights that the specific factors which will determine the future of forensic activity are: the appearance of creative and well-educated individuals, the emergence of “grey areas” in law, the development of global partnerships interested in international supranational rule-making, increasing of transnational crime. The rapid development of science and technology will require investigators and courts to promptly solve various specific scientific and technical tasks, eventually determining the objects and subjects of new forensic examinations, primarily from the field of information technology. Specialists predict a breakthrough in the development of cognitive computing and expert systems equipped with artificial intelligence, which has considerable potential in forensic science. There are signs of the shaping of a common forensic space, which will include not only existing elements of the institute of forensic examination (state and non-state institutions) but large industrial corporations, as well as the most active, technologically advanced individuals.
About the Author
A. V. Kokin
The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Kokin Andrey Vasil’evich – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Master Forensic Examiner at the Laboratory of Forensic Ballistics, the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, Professor at Department of Forensic Activities at the Educational and Scientific Forensic Complex of Moscow University of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Moscow 109028
Moscow 117437
References
1. Schwab K. The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Ginebra: World Economic Forum, 2016. 172 p.
2. Marr B. What is Industry 4.0? Here’s a Surer Easy Explanation for Anyone. Forbes. 02.09.2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/09/02/what-is-industry-4-0-heres-a-super-easy-explanation-for-anyone/?sh=321605c59788 (дата обращения: 12.04.2021).
3. Gutorovich O.V. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Possible Consequences. Discourse. 2018. Vol. 4. No. 6. P. 11–17. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2018-4-6-11-17
4. Nikitina I.E. Current Issues in Justice and Home Affairs Cooperation between EU Member States Pertaining to Forensic Services and Investigative Operations. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2017. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 110–118. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-3-110-118
5. Govorina N.V., Kuzmin S.A., Usov A.I. Main Activities of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes at the Present Stage. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2019. Vol. 14. No. 1. P. 116–120. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-1-116-120
6. Valeev D.M. International Legal Framework for Cooperation in the Fight against Transnational Organized Crime. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2017. 176 р. (In Russ.).
7. Smirnova S.A., Usov A.I., Omelyanyuk G.G., Bebeshko G.I., Korol S.G. Practice of Accreditation of Forensic Laboratories of the Ministry of Justice of Russia on Compliance with ISO/MEK 17025. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2011. No. 2 (22). P. 40–45. (In Russ.).
8. Kantola V., Kulovesi J., Lahti L., Lin R., Zavodchikova M., Coatanéa E. Printed Electronics, Now and Future. Bit Bang. Rays to the Future. Aalto University School of Science and Technology, 2009. P. 63–102.
9. Kokin A.V. 3D Printed Firearms and Prospects for Their Forensic Examination. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2017. Vol. 12. No. 2. P. 34–41. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-2-34-41
10. Egorov S.I., Lupandin V.V. Application of 3D Printing in Medicine. World Science. 2019. No. 1 (22). P. 115–118. (In Russ.).
11. Mikhailov I.F. Cognitive Computations and Social Organization. Voprosy Filosofii. 2020. No. 11. Р. 125–128. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2020-11-125-128
12. High R. The Era of Cognitive Systems: An Inside Look at IBM Watson and How it Works on. IBM Corp., 2012. 16 p.
13. Larina E., Ovchinskii V. Crime in the Era of Industrial Revolution of the XXI Century. New World. 2017. No. 3. Р. 175–189. (In Russ.).
14. Aver’yanova T.V. Some Problems of Forensic Examination in Modern Conditions. Forensic Means and Methods in the Detection and Investigation of Crimes. Collection of Materials of the VII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference (March 5–6, 2019). Moscow: ECC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2019. P. 3–7. (In Russ.).
Review
For citations:
Kokin A.V. Forensic Expertise in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2021;16(2):29-36. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-2-29-36
Views:
997
Email this article 