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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sudexpert</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теория и практика судебной экспертизы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theory and Practice of Forensic Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-2785</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7275</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30764/1819-2785-2026-1-48-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sudexpert-965</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИЯ И МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ КАЧЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кавитация и временная полость: семантическая двусмысленность ошибочных аналогий в раневой баллистике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cavitation and Temporary Cavity: Semantic Ambiguity of Wrong Analogies in Wound Ballistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-5274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокин Андрей Васильевич - д. юр. н., главный государственный судебный эксперт отдела трасологической и баллистической экспертизы ФБУ РФЦСЭ имени профессора А.Р. Шляхова при Минюсте России; профессор кафедры оружиеведения и трасологии учебно-научного комплекса судебной экспертизы Московского университета МВД России имени В.Я. Кикотя</p><p>Москва 101000, Москва 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kokin Andrey Vasil’evich - D. Sc. (Law), Chief Forensic Expert at the Department of Toolmarks and Ballistics Examinations of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science named after professor A.R. Shlyakhov of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Professor of Department of Weapons and Toolmarks Examinations at Educational and Scientific Forensic Complex of Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation</p><p>Moscow 101000, Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbl@sudexpert.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы имени профессора А.Р. Шляхова при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное казенное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Московский университет Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации имени В.Я. Кикотя</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science named after Professor A.R. Shlyakhov of tht Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кокин А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кокин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kokin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/965">https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/965</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные исследования в области раневой баллистики позволили установить основные повреждающие факторы выстрела, механизм формирования огнестрельной раны, включая динамику образования временных полостей (временных пульсирующих полостей), возникающих вследствие передачи кинетической энергии от снаряда к биологическим тканям. Однако в научной литературе встречается некорректное применение термина «кавитация» при описании данных процессов, что создает терминологическую амбивалентность. Строгое определение кавитации, принятое в гидродинамике, относится к явлению образования полостей (пузырьков) в жидкой среде при локальном снижении давления ниже точки насыщения, вызванном высокоскоростным движением твердого тела. Данный физический процесс принципиально отличается от механизма образования временной полости при огнестрельном ранении, где основную роль играют инерционные деформации тканей, а не фазовые переходы жидкости. Использование одного термина для обозначения разнородных явлений противоречит принципам научной терминологии, повышая риск некорректной интерпретации данных как в теоретических моделях, так и в прикладных исследованиях. В статье проведен сравнительный анализ физических механизмов, лежащих в основе кавитации (гидродинамический контекст) и формирования временных полостей при огнестрельной ране, систематизированы терминологические ошибки в научных публикациях, приведших к искаженному пониманию механики огнестрельной раны. Выдвигается предложение о целесообразности исключения термина «кавитация» из контекста раневой баллистики. Это минимизирует семантические ошибки, повысит точность междисциплинарных исследований и устранит методологические противоречия, поскольку терминологическая строгость является критичным условием для обеспечения воспроизводимости результатов исследований и эффективной междисциплинарной интеграции знаний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern studies in the area of wound ballistics made it possible to establish main damaging factors of a shot, the formation mechanism of a gunshot wound, including temporary cavity dynamics resulting from the kinetic energy transfer from a bullet to biological tissues. However, there is an incorrect use of the term “cavitation” in the scientific literature when describing these processes, which creates terminological ambivalence. The strict definition of cavitation, adopted in hydrodynamics, refers to the phenomenon of the formation of cavities (bubbles) in a liquid medium with a local decrease in pressure below the saturation point caused by high-speed motion of a solid. This physical process is fundamentally different from the mechanism of a temporary cavity formation in a gunshot wound where the main role is played by inertial deformations of tissues rather than the phase transitions of fluid. The use of one term to define heterogeneous phenomena contradicts the principles of scientific terminology, increasing the risk of incorrect data interpretation both in theoretical models and in the applied research. The article provides a comparative analysis of the physical mechanisms underlying cavitation (hydrodynamic context) and the formation of temporary cavities in a gunshot wound. It also systematizes the terminological errors in scientific publications that led to a distorted understanding of the gunshot wound mechanics. The author suggests to exclude using the term «cavitation» in the context of wound ballistics.</p><p>This would minimize semantic errors, increase the accuracy of interdisciplinary studies and eliminate methodological contradictions, since terminological rigor is crucial for ensuring reproducibility of examination results and effective interdisciplinary knowledge integration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>судебная экспертиза</kwd><kwd>временная полость</kwd><kwd>временная пульсирующая полость</kwd><kwd>кавитация</kwd><kwd>огнестрельная рана</kwd><kwd>раневая баллистика</kwd><kwd>раневой канал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forensic examination</kwd><kwd>temporary cavity</kwd><kwd>temporary pulsating cavity</kwd><kwd>cavitation</kwd><kwd>gunshot wound</kwd><kwd>wound ballistics</kwd><kwd>wound canal</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогинский Я.Я., Левин М.Г. 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