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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sudexpert</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теория и практика судебной экспертизы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theory and Practice of Forensic Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-2785</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7275</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30764/1819-2785-2025-4-88-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sudexpert-927</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРТНАЯ ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FORENSIC CASEWORK</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы таксономической идентификации уникальных объектов животного происхождения по маркерам митохондриальной ДНК для целей судебной экспертизы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Taxonomic Identification of Unique Objects of Animal Origin by Mitochondrial DNA Markers for the Purposes of Forensic Examination</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-5744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиневич</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinevich</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Сергеевна Зиневич, к. б. н., судебный эксперт, научный сотрудник</p><p>отдел молекулярно-генетической экспертизы</p><p>119071; 101000; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila Sergeevna Zinevich, Cand. Sc. (Biology), Forensic expert, ResearchScientist</p><p>Department of Molecular Genetic Examination</p><p>119071; 101000; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lzinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-2790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбакова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Анатольевна Рыбакова, начальник отдела</p><p>отдел молекулярно-генетической экспертизы</p><p>101000; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Anatol’evna Rybakova, Head of Department</p><p>Department of Molecular Genetic Examination</p><p>101000; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybkaa@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-2553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Маркович Орлов, д. б. н., руководитель лаборатории, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>119071; 117997; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei Markovich Orlov, D. Sc. (Biology), Head of Laboratory, Chief Research Scientist</p><p>119071; 117997; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orlov.am@ocean.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9452-3704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коростелев</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korostelev</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Борисович Коростелев, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>119071; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai Borisovich Korostelev, Junior Research Scientist</p><p>119071; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korostelevnb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рашидова</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rashidova</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гузель Фаткулловна Рашидова, к. б. н., ведущий государственный судебный эксперт</p><p>отдел молекулярно-генетической экспертизы</p><p>101000; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel’ Fatkullovna Rashidova, Cand. Sc. (Biology), Leading State Forensic Expert</p><p>Department of Molecular Genetic Examination</p><p>101000; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.rashidova@sudexpert.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-7906</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стороженко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storozhenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владиленовна Стороженко, к. б. н., ведущий государственный судебный эксперт</p><p>отдел молекулярно-генетической экспертизы</p><p>101000; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Vladilenovna Storozhenko, Cand. Sc. (Biology), Leading State Forensic Expert</p><p>Department of Molecular Genetic Examination</p><p>101000; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinastor@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН; Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр имени профессора А.Р. Шляхова при Минюсте России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences; The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science named after professor A.R. Shlyakhov of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр имени профессора А.Р. Шляхова при Минюсте России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science named after professor A.R. Shlyakhov of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН; ФГБУН Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences;  Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зиневич Л.С., Рыбакова А.А., Орлов А.М., Коростелев Н.Б., Рашидова Г.Ф., Стороженко И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зиневич Л.С., Рыбакова А.А., Орлов А.М., Коростелев Н.Б., Рашидова Г.Ф., Стороженко И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinevich L.S., Rybakova A.A., Orlov A.M., Korostelev N.B., Rashidova G.F., Storozhenko I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/927">https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/927</self-uri><abstract><p>   Прямая идентификация в судебной молекулярно-генетической экспертизе представляет собой непосредственное сравнение идентифицирующих характеристик, таких как профили ДНК объекта идентификации, с идентифицирующими характеристиками объектов сравнения, в том числе полученными из базы данных. При этом идентификация объектов животного происхождения осуществляется в результате сравнения нуклеотидной последовательности целевого участка ДНК, полученной в процессе секвенирования, с различными нуклеотидными последовательностями ДНК, которые хранятся в международных базах данных.</p><p>   Целью данной работы было установление видовой принадлежности образца животного происхождения – лакомства для домашних животных «Сублимированная акула».</p><p>   Несмотря на то, что это исследование проводилось вне рамок судебной молекулярно-генетической экспертизы, его результаты представляют собой иллюстрацию возможных методических проблем, связанных с установлением таксономической принадлежности редко встречающихся объектов животного происхождения молекулярно-генетическими методами. Авторами статьи показано, что исследование неизвестных объектов животного происхождения методами ДНК-анализа при проведении судебной экспертизы в некоторых случаях будет требовать разработки и применения уникальных частных экспертных методик, а также продемонстрирована целесообразность создания в России единой национальной базы генетической информации с особыми требованиями контроля.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Direct identification in forensic molecular genetic examination is a direct comparison of identifying characteristics, such as DNA profiles of the identification object, with identifying characteristics of the objects of comparison, including those obtained from the database. At the same time, the identification of objects of animal origin is carried out by comparing the sequencing results: base sequences of the target DNA fragment with various DNA nucleotide sequences stored in international databases.</p><p>   The purpose of this work was to establish the species identity of a sample of animal origin – the “Freeze-dried Shark” pet food.</p><p>   Despite the fact that this study was conducted outside the framework of forensic molecular genetic examination, its results illustrate possible methodological problems associated with establishing the taxonomic affiliation of rare objects of animal origin by molecular genetic methods. The authors of the article show that the study of unknown objects of animal origin using DNA analysis under forensic examination will require the development and application of unique private expert techniques in some cases. They also demonstrate the feasibility of creating a unified national database of genetic information in Russia with special control requirements.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>судебная экспертиза</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая экспертиза</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>база данных</kwd><kwd>ДНК-штрихкод</kwd><kwd>редкие виды</kwd><kwd>животные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forensic examination</kwd><kwd>forensic molecular genetic examination</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>database</kwd><kwd>DNA barcode</kwd><kwd>rare species</kwd><kwd>animals</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Подготовка данной статьи осуществлена Л.С. Зиневич и Н.Б. Коростелевым в рамках Госзадания Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН № 075- 00424-25-03, А.М. Орловым в рамках Госзадания Института океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН FMWE-2024-0022</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Preparation of this article was carried out by L.S. Zinevich and N.B. Korostelev within the framework of State assignment of the Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution named after A.N. Severtsov of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 075- 00424-25-03, A.M. Orlov within the framework of State assignment of the Institute of Oceanology named after P.P. Shirshov of the Russian Academy of Sciences FMWE-2024-0022</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serite C.P., Ntshudisane O.K., Swart E. et al. Limitations of DNA Barcoding in Determining the Origin of Smuggled Seahorses and Pipefishes // Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments. 2021. 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