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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sudexpert</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теория и практика судебной экспертизы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theory and Practice of Forensic Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-2785</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7275</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-27-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sudexpert-708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИЯ И МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ КАЧЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О критериях оценки заключения эксперта и экспертных методик участниками судопроизводства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the Criteria for Evaluating an Expert's Opinion and Forensic Methods by Participants in the Legal Proceedings</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-5055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гивец</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Giverts</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гиверц Павел Витальевич – доктор философии (PhD), эксперт-баллист подразделения идентификации и судебной экспертизы, почетный член Ассоциации экспертов огнестрельного оружия и трасологов (AFTE), член рабочей группы Firearms/GSR Европейской сети судебно-экспертных учреждений (ENFSI)</p><p>Иерусалим 91906</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Giverts Pavel Vatal’evich – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Firearms Examiner, Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Distinguished Member of Association of Firearms and Toolmarks Examiners (AFTE), Associated Member of Firearms/ GSR working group of European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI)</p><p>Jerusalem 91906</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.giverts@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-3161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибер</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Griber</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грибер Александра – сотрудник баллистической лаборатории подразделения идентификации и судебной экспертизы</p><p>Иерусалим 91906</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Griber Alexandra – Member of the Staff of Ballistic Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science</p><p>Jerusalem 91906</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gribersandra@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-5274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокин Андрей Васильевич – д. ю. н., главный государственный судебный эксперт лаборатории судебной трасологической и баллистической экспертизы; профессор кафедры оружиеведения и трасологии учебно-научного комплекса судебной экспертизы</p><p>Москва 109028</p><p>Москва 117437</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kokin Andrey Vasil’evich – Doctor of Law, Chief Forensic Examiner at the Laboratory of Toolmarks and Ballistics Examinations; Professor of Department Weapons and Toolmarks Examinations at Educational and Scientific Forensic Complex</p><p>Moscow 109028</p><p>Moscow 117437</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbl@sudexpert.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Штаб-квартира израильской национальной полиции</institution><country>Израиль</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Israel National Police H.Q.</institution><country>Israel</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное казенное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Московский университет Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации имени В.Я. Кикотя</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гивец П.В., Грибер А., Кокин А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гивец П.В., Грибер А., Кокин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Giverts P., Griber A., Kokin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/708">https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/708</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблемы оценки достоверности заключения эксперта свойственны российской и англо-саксонской процессуальным доктринам. В российском законодательстве отсутствуют правовые нормы либо регламентированные правила, определяющие данную процедуру. При этом в США действует правило 702 «Показания свидетелей-экспертов» федерального кодекса доказательств (Rule 702 “Testimony by Expert Witnesses” Federal Rules of Evidence), устанавливающее четыре критерия, которые должны учитывать суды при оценке допустимости показаний судебных экспертов. Помимо этого, на основе судебных решений приняты два стандарта Фрая и Дауберта (Fry and Daubert standards), устанавливающие критерии правомерности использования тех или иных методов при проведении экспертных исследований в США.</p><p>На основании оценки соответствия российских экспертных методик стандартам Фрая и Дауберта определено, что не все методики удовлетворяют критериям последнего стандарта. В частности, в структурах так называемых субъективных методик не предусмотрены расчеты известной или потенциальной вероятности ошибки и механизма контроля выполнения различных этапов исследования.</p><p>Рассмотрены и другие зарубежные проекты, направленные на минимизацию ошибочных выводов и реформирование системы судебной экспертизы: проект «Невиновность» (Innocence), отчеты Национальной академии наук США (отчет NAS) и Президентского совета по науке и технологиям США (отчет PCAST). Обоснована целесообразность разработки критериев оценки заключений экспертов, применяемых ими методов исследования и научной обоснованности получаемых результатов, а также формулирование соответствующих норм для российского законодательства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The issues of assessing the reliability of experts’ opinions are common for Russian and Anglo-Saxon legal proceedings. In the Russian legislation there are no legal norms or regulated rules defining this procedure. At the same time, in the USA there is Rule 702 “Expert Witness Testimony” of the Federal Code of Evidence which establishes four criteria that courts should consider when assessing the admissibility of the testimony of a forensic expert. Besides, based on court decisions, Fry and Daubert standards have been adopted. They determine criteria for methods used in conducting forensic examination in the United States. The article analyzes and evaluates the compliance of expert methods applied in Russia with the Fry and Daubert standards. The analysis shows that not all methods meet the criteria of Daubert standard. In particular, the structures of the so-called subjective methods do not provide calculations of a known or potential error rate as well as a mechanism for monitoring the conduct of various stages of a study. The article also discusses other foreign projects aimed at minimizing erroneous conclusions and reforming the system of forensic examination: the Innocence project, reports prepared by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS report) and the US Presidential Council for Science and Technology (PCAST report). The authors believe that it is essential for the Russian legislation to develop criteria for evaluating experts’ opinions, research methods and scientific validity of the obtained results as well as the to formulate the appropriate norms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заключение эксперта</kwd><kwd>метод</kwd><kwd>отчет NAS</kwd><kwd>отчет PCAST</kwd><kwd>оценка достоверности</kwd><kwd>стандарт Фрая</kwd><kwd>стандарт Дауберта</kwd><kwd>судебная экспертиза</kwd><kwd>экспертная методика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>expert opinion</kwd><kwd>method</kwd><kwd>NAS report</kwd><kwd>PCAST report</kwd><kwd>reliability assessment</kwd><kwd>Fry standard</kwd><kwd>Daubert standard</kwd><kwd>forensic examination</kwd><kwd>expert methodology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белкин Р.С., Винберг А.И., Дорохов В.Я., Карнеева Л.М. и др. 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