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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sudexpert</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теория и практика судебной экспертизы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theory and Practice of Forensic Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-2785</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7275</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30764/1819-2785-2021-1-69-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sudexpert-649</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ И СРЕДСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS AND TOOLS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование временных маркеров цифровых сигналограмм</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Forensic Analysis of Time Markers of Digital Recordings</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Сергей Михайлович – заведующий отделом криминалистических экспертиз </p><p>Калининград 236035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrov Sergei Mikhailovich – Head of the Forensic Examination Department </p><p>Kaliningrad 236035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pruss@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Калининградская лаборатория судебной экспертизы Министерства юстиции Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaliningrad Laboratory of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров С.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/649">https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/649</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты обобщения экспертной практики исследования признаков цифровых видео- и звукозаписей, позволяющих определить время изготовления файла и датировать зафиксированные события. Введено понятие «временной маркер» и предложена классификация временных маркеров, содержащихся в имени и временных атрибутах файла, а также метаданных по форме и источнику происхождения. Изложены основные принципы представления времени различными файловыми системами. Проанализированы соотношения между различными временными маркерами для оригинальных записей и записей, изготовленных иными способами. Приведены примеры использования временных маркеров для диагностики способа изготовления записи. Рассмотрены различные виды временных маркеров, являющихся частью записанного сигнала. Показано, какие из зафиксированных записью событий могут выступать в качестве временных маркеров. Проанализирована возможность датировки с использованием астрономических событий. Разобраны отличия между абсолютной и относительной датировками при исследовании файлов звуко- и видеозаписей. Сделаны выводы о значении исследования временных маркеров для диагностики способа изготовления сигналограммы, выполнения относительной или абсолютной датировки зафиксированных событий или технологических процессов изготовления сигналограммы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of summarizing expert practice on the examination of the features of digital video and sound recordings, which make it possible to determine the time of file creation and date of the recorded events. The author introduces the concept of “time marker” and proposes the classification of time markers in the file name, time attributes, and metadata by form and source of origin. The basic principles of time representation by various file systems are stated. The relationships between different time markers for original records and records made in other ways are analyzed. The article provides examples of using time markers to diagnose the method of making a record.Various types of time markers that are part of the recorded signal are considered. It is shown which of the recorded events can act as time markers. The author also analyses the possibility of dating using astronomical events. Differences between absolute and relative dating are considered concerning the study of audio and video files. Conclusions are drawn about the significance of the study of time markers for diagnosing the method of making a signalogram, performing relative or absolute dating of recorded events, or technological processes of making a signalogram.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криминалистическая экспертиза видео- и звукозаписей</kwd><kwd>сигналограмма</kwd><kwd>время записи</kwd><kwd>маркер времени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forensic examination of digital recordings</kwd><kwd>signalogram</kwd><kwd>recording time</kwd><kwd>time marker</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хуртилов В.О., Назарова Т.В., Манянин П.А., Серебряков И.А., Лебедев К.А. Типовая методика технического исследования фонограмм. 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