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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sudexpert</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теория и практика судебной экспертизы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theory and Practice of Forensic Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-2785</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7275</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30764/1819-2785-2021-1-6-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sudexpert-643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Судебная молекулярно-генетическая экспертиза объектов биологического происхождения – новое направление судебно-экспертной деятельности Минюста России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Forensic Molecular-Genetic Analysis of Objects of Biological Origin – a New Direction of Forensic Activity of the Russian Ministry of Justice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнова Светлана Аркадьевна – д. юр. н., проф., заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации, директор ФБУ РФЦСЭ при Минюсте России, заведующая кафедрой судебно-экспертной деятельности Юридического института ФГАОУ ВО РУДН </p><p>Москва 109028</p><p>Москва 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smirnova Svetlana Arkad’evna – Doctor of Law, Full Professor, Distinguished Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Distinguished Scholar of the Russian Federation, Director of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice, Head of the Department of Forensic Activities of RUDN University </p><p>Moscow 109028</p><p>Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@sudexpert.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-1879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельянюк</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omel’yanyuk</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омельянюк Георгий Георгиевич – д. юр. н., доцент, заместитель директора ФБУ РФЦСЭ при Минюсте России, профессор кафедры судебно-экспертной деятельности Юридического института ФГАОУ ВО РУДН, профессор кафедры цифровой криминалистики МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана </p><p>Москва 109028</p><p>Москва 117198</p><p>Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omel’yanyuk Georgii Georgievich – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Deputy Director, Professor of the Department of Forensic Activities, Institute of Law, RUDN University; Professor of the Digital Forensics Department </p><p>Moscow 109028</p><p>Moscow 117198</p><p>Moscow 105055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.omelyanyuk@sudexpert.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-7906</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стороженко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storozhenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стороженко Ирина Владиленовна – к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела инноваций судебно-экспертной деятельности </p><p>Москва 109028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Storozhenko Irina Vladilenovna – Candidate of Biology, Leading Researcher in the Department of Innovation in Forensic Activities</p><p>Moscow 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinastor@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-2790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбакова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбакова Анна Анатольевна – ведущий научный сотрудник отдела инноваций судебно-экспертной деятельности </p><p>Москва 109028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rybakova Anna Anatol’evna – Leading Researcher in the Department of Innovation in Forensic Activities </p><p>Moscow 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybkaa@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-3286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулевская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulevskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гулевская Виктория Владимировна – к. юр. н., заместитель заведующего отдела инноваций судебно-экспертной деятельности, доцент кафедры цифровой криминалистики</p><p>Москва 109028</p><p>Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulevskaya Viktoriya Vladimirovna – Candidate of Law, Deputy Head of the Department of Innovations in Forensic Activities; Associate Professor of the Digital Forensics Department </p><p>Moscow 109028</p><p>Moscow 105055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vika-gulevskaja@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнова С.А., Омельянюк Г.Г., Стороженко И.В., Рыбакова А.А., Гулевская В.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова С.А., Омельянюк Г.Г., Стороженко И.В., Рыбакова А.А., Гулевская В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova S.A., Omel’yanyuk G.G., Storozhenko I.V., Rybakova A.A., Gulevskaya V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/643">https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/643</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены актуальность и основные предпосылки формирования в системе судебноэкспертных учреждений Минюста России нового направления судебно-экспертной деятельности – молекулярно-генетической экспертизы объектов биологического происхождения. Описаны преимущества метода исследования ДНК, который является одним из самых современных и эффективных инструментов при расследовании уголовных дел. Показаны возможности применения различных методов ДНК-анализа при производстве судебных экспертиз. Кратко изложена история возникновения судебной молекулярно-генетической экспертизы в Российской Федерации и особенности ее производства при исследовании биоматериала человека, животных, растений. Представлены определения объекта, предмета молекулярно-генетической экспертизы объектов биологического происхождения, сформулированы типовые задачи и составлен примерный перечень вопросов, ставящихся на разрешение данной экспертизы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article addresses the importance and basic preconditions for the forming a new direction of forensic activity in the system of forensic institutions of the Russian Ministry of Justice a new direction of forensic activity - molecular-genetic analysis of the objects of biological origin. The authors present the advantages of DNA analysis - one of the most modern and efficient methods in investigating criminal cases. The article also demonstrates the potential of different methods of DNA-analysis for forensic investigations. The history of forensic DNA-analysis development in Russia and its features when examining the human, animal, and plant biomaterials are briefly discussed. The authors propose the definitions for the molecular-genetic examinations’ object and subject, formulate the model tasks, and suggest a list of sample questions for this study.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая экспертиза</kwd><kwd>объекты биологического происхождения</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>идентификация личности</kwd><kwd>судебная экспертиза</kwd><kwd>охраняемые виды животных и растений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular-genetic analysis</kwd><kwd>objects of biological origin</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>identification of an individual</kwd><kwd>forensic examination</kwd><kwd>protected plants and animals species</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linacre A., Gusmão L., Hecht W., Hellmann A.P., Mayr W.R., Parson W., Prinz M., Schneider P.M., Morling N. 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