sudexpertТеория и практика судебной экспертизыTheory and Practice of Forensic Science1819-27852587-7275The Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science10.30764/1819-2785-2020-1-84-93sudexpert-581Research ArticleЭКСПЕРТНАЯ ПРАКТИКАFORENSIC CASEWORKСудебная экспертиза объектов дикой флоры и фауны: современное состояние и перспективы развития в Российской ФедерацииWildlife Forensics: Current State and Development Perspectives in the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-5706СмирноваС. А.SmirnovaS. A.

Смирнова Светлана Аркадьевна – доктор юридических наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации, директор ФБУ РФЦСЭ при Минюсте России, заведующая кафедрой судебноэкспертной деятельности Юридического инсти­тута ФГАОУ ВО РУДН

Москва 109028, 

Москва 117198

Smirnova Svetlana Arkad’evna – Distinguished Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Full Professor, Director of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice, Head of the Department of Forensic Science of RUDN University

Moscow 109028, 

Moscow 117198

info@sudexpert.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-1879ОмельянюкГ. Г.Omel’yanyukG. G.

Омельянюк Георгий Георгиевич – доктор юридических наук, до­цент, заместитель директора ФБУ РФЦСЭ при Минюсте России, профессор кафедры судебноэкспертной деятельности Юридического инсти­тута ФГАОУ ВО РУДН, профессор кафедры циф­ровой криминалистики МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана

Москва 109028; 

Москва 117198, 

Москва 105005

Omel’yanyuk Georgii Georgievich – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice, Professor of the Department of Forensic Operations, Institute of Law, RUDN University; Professor of the Digital Forensics Department of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Moscow 109028,

Moscow 117198,

Moscow 105055

g.omelyanyuk@sudexpert.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-3286ГулевскаяВ. В.GulevskayaV. V.

Гулевская Виктория Владимировна – кандидат юридических наук, заместитель заведующего отдела инноваций су­дебно-экспертной деятельности ФБУ РФЦСЭ при Минюсте России, доцент кафедры цифро­вой криминалистики МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана

Москва 109028, 

Москва 105005

Gulevskaya Viktoriya Vladimirovna – Candidate of Law, Deputy Head of the Department of Innovations in the Practice of Forensic Science of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice; Associate Professor of the Digital Forensics Department of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Moscow 109028,

Moscow 105055

vika-gulevskaja@rambler.ruПерфиловаТ. В.PerfilovaT. V.

Перфилова Татьяна Владимировна – замести­тель заведующего лаборатории судебно-почвоведческих и биологических экспертиз

Москва 109028

Perfilova Tat’yana Vladimirovna – Deputy Head of the Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Soil Analysis

Moscow 109028

tvpexpert@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-4746НикулинаМ. В.NikulinaM. V.

Никулина Марина Вячеславовна – кандидат биологических наук, ве­дущий научный сотрудник информационно-из­дательского отдела ФБУ РФЦСЭ при Минюсте России

Москва 109028, 

Москва 117198

Nikulina Marina Vyacheslavovna – Candidate of Biology, Leading Researcher of the Information and Publication Department of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice

Moscow 109028, 

Moscow 117198

m.nikulina@sudexpert.ruФедеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияThe Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; People’s Friendship University of RussiaRussian FederationФедеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана»РоссияThe Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; People’s Friendship University of Russia; Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU)Russian FederationФедеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана»РоссияThe Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU)Russian FederationФедеральное бюджетное учреждение Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве юстиции Российской ФедерацииРоссияThe Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2020190420201518493Copyright © Смирнова С.А., Омельянюк Г.Г., Гулевская В.В., Перфилова Т.В., Никулина М.В., 20202020Смирнова С.А., Омельянюк Г.Г., Гулевская В.В., Перфилова Т.В., Никулина М.В.Smirnova S.A., Omel’yanyuk G.G., Gulevskaya V.V., Perfilova T.V., Nikulina M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.tipse.ru/jour/article/view/581

Обозначены основные предпосылки формирования в системе Минюста России нового направления судебно-экспертной деятельности – экспертизы объектов дикой флоры и фауны. Боль­шое внимание уделено объектам исследования данного рода судебной экспертизы, перечислены ти­повые вопросы, ставящиеся на разрешение эксперта, приведены актуальные примеры из экспертной практики. Рассмотрена возможность применения экспертно-профилактической деятельности в об­ласти судебной экспертизы объектов дикой флоры и фауны для предотвращения правонарушений, приводящих к исчезновению редких видов растений и животных. Обоснована перспективность ис­пользования в рамках судебно-экспертной деятельности производства молекулярно-генетической экспертизы объектов животного и растительного происхождения в нашей стране.  

The article notes the necessary preconditions for building a new direction of expert activity in the system of the Russian Ministry of Justice the wildlife forensics. Close attention is paid to the objects of this type of forensic research; typical questions raised before the expert are enumerated; relevant examples from expert practice are given. The author also considers the application of expert prevention activities in wildlife forensics to avoid violations leading to the extinction of rare species of plants and animals. The article also explains the prospects of implementation of DNA testing for the objects of plant and animal origin in wildlife forensics.  

судебная экспертиза объектов дикой флоры и фауныновые роды (виды) судебных экспертизпрофилактическая деятельность судебного экспертаДНК-анализохраняемые виды животных и растенийwildlife forensicsnew types (kinds) of forensic expertiseprevention activities of a forensic expertDNA analysisprotected species of plants and animalsReferencesНеретина Н.С. Закономерности возникновения и развития новых родов и видов судебной экспертизы // Теория и практика судебной экспертизы. 2015. № 2 (38). С. 194–198.Omel’yanyuk G.G., Gradusova O.B., Nikulina M.V. International Science & Practice Conference “East-West: Partnership in Forensic Science. Improving Forensic Services as a Factor Ensuring Ecological Security and Biodiversity Conservation”. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2017. Vol. 12. No. 2. P. 119–126. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-2-119-126Бекжанов Ж.Л., Гулевская В.В., Омельянюк Г.Г., Хазиев Ш.Н. Международный опыт и перспективы развития на евразийском пространстве судебно-экспертных сетей, связанных с расследованием преступлений против дикой флоры и фауны // Теория и практика судебной экспертизы. 2014. № 1 (33). С. 102–107.Neretina N.S. Regularities of Emergence and Development of New Species and Forms of the Forensic Science. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2015. No. 2 (38). P. 194–198. (In Russ.)Омельянюк Г.Г. Судебная экспертиза объектов дикой флоры и фауны. Учебное пособие. М.: Спутник+, 2017. 103 с.Bekzhanov Zh.L, Gulevskaya V.V., Omelyanyuk G.G., Khaziev Sh.N. International Practices and Prospects for Developing Wildlife Forensic Networks in the Eurasian Region. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2014. No. 1 (33). P. 102–107. (In Russ.)Brooks J.W. (ed). Veterinary Forensic Pathology. Vol. 1. Cham: Springer, 2018. 155 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67172-7Chernova O.F., Perfilova T.V. 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Сканирующая электронная микроскопия как эффективный метод судебно-биологической экспертизы (на примере волос вымерших и рецентных видов млекопитающих) // Теория и практика судебной экспертизы. 2018. Т. 13. № 1. С. 88– 94. https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2018-13-1-88-94Stroud K. Wildlife Forensics and the Veterinary Practitioner. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 1998. Vol. 7. No. 4. P. 182–192.Arati I. Forensic DNA Analysis for Animal Protection and Biodiversity Conservation: A Review // Journal for Nature Conservation. 2014. Vol. 22. No. 3. P. 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.12.001Masters A., Ogden R., Wetton J.H., Dawnay N. Defining end User Requirements for a Field Based Molecular Detection System for Wildlife Forensic Investigations. Forensic Science International. 2019. Vol. 301. P. 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.041McCord B.R., Gauthier Q., Cho S., Roig M.N., Gibson-Daw G.C., Young B., Taglia F., Zapi¬co S.C., Mariot R.F., Lee S.B., Dunca G. Forensic DNA Analysis // Anal. Chem. 2019. Vol. 91. No. 1. P. 673–688. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05318Omel’yanyuk G.G., Khaziev Sh.N., Gulevskaya V.V. Forensic Assistance in the Investigation of Crimes against Tigers. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2017. Vol. 12. No. 2. P. 18– 26. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-2-18-26Vipin, Sharma V., Sharma Ch.P., Kumar V.P., Goyal S.P. Pioneer Identification of Fake Tiger Claws Using Morphometric and DNA-Based Analysis in Wildlife Forensics in India // Forensic Science International. 2016. Vol. 266. P. 226– 233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.024Ewart K.M., Lightson A.L., Sitam F.T., RovieRyan J.J., Mather N, McEwing R. Expediting the Sampling, Decalcification, and Forensic DNA Analysis of Large Elephant Ivory Seizures to Aid Investigations and Prosecutions. Forensic Science International: Genetics. 2020. Vol. 44. No. 102187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102187Masters A., Ogden R., Wetton J.H., Dawnay N. Defining end User Requirements for a FieldBased Molecular Detection System for Wildlife Forensic Investigations // Forensic Science International. 2019. Vol. 301. P. 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.041Viner T.C., Kagan R.A. Chapter 2. Forensic Wildlife Pathology. In: Terio K.A., McAloose D., Leger J.St. (eds). Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals. Academic Press, 2018. P. 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-8053065.00002-XEwart K.M., Lightson A.L., Sitam F.T., RovieRyan J.J., Mather N, McEwing R. Expediting the Sampling, Decalcification, and Forensic DNA Analysis of Large Elephant Ivory Seizures to Aid Investigations and Prosecutions // Forensic Science International: Genetics. 2020. Vol. 44. No. 102187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102187Yan D., Luo J.Y., Han Y.M., Peng C., Dong X.P., Chen S.L., Sun L.G., Xiao X.H. Forensic DNA Barcoding and Bio-Response Studies of Animal Horn Products Used in Traditional Medicine. PLoS One. 2013. 8(2):e55854. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055854Yan D., Luo J.Y., Han Y.M., Peng C., Dong X.P., Chen S.L., Sun L.G., Xiao X.H. Forensic DNA Barcoding and Bio-Response Studies of Animal Horn Products Used in Traditional Medicine // PLoS One. 2013. 8(2):e55854. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055854Aramilev S.V., Kiseleva E.S., Fomenko P.V. Forensic Investigation of Crimes Against the Amur Tiger and Other Animals: Problems and Solutions. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2017. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 105–109. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-3-105-109Ahlers N., Creecy J., Frankham G., Johnson R.N., Kotze A., et al. ‘ForCyt’ DNA Database of Wildlife Species // Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 6. 2017. e466–e468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.195Ahlers N., Creecy J., Frankham G., Johnson R.N., Kotze A., et al. ‘ForCyt’ DNA Database of Wildlife Species. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 6. 2017. e466–e468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.195Lorenzini R., Cabras P., Fanelli R., Carboni G.L. Wildlife Molecular Forensics: Identification of the Sardinian Mouflon Using STR Profiling and the Bayesian Assignment Test // Forensic Science International: Genetics. 2011. Vol. 5. Issue 4. P. 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2011.01.012Omel’yanyuk G.G., Gradusova O.B., Nikulina M.V. International Science & Practice Conference “East-West: Partnership in Forensic Science. Improving Forensic Services as a Factor Ensuring Ecological Security and Biodiversity Conservation”. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2017. Vol. 12. No. 2. P. 119–126. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-2-119-126Ghosh A., Basu Sh., Jabin G., Khatri H., Singh S.K., et al. Wildlife Forensics in Voiding False Offences: A Case Study to Deal with Unidentified Cooked Meat // Forensic Science International: Reports. 2019. Vol. 1.1000011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2019.100011Lorenzini R., Cabras P., Fanelli R., Carboni G.L. Wildlife Molecular Forensics: Identification of the Sardinian Mouflon Using STR Profiling and the Bayesian Assignment Test. Forensic Science International: Genetics. 2011. Vol. 5. Is¬sue 4. P. 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2011.01.012Coghlan M.L., Haile J., Houston J., Murray D.C., White N.E., Moolhuijzen P., Bellgard M.I., Bunce M. Deep Sequencing of Plant and Animal DNA Contained within Traditional Chinese Medicines Reveals Legality Issues and Health Safety Concerns // PLoS Genet. 2012. 8(4):e1002657. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002657Chernova O.F., Perfilova T.V. Effective Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Forensic Biology for the Analysis of Hairs from Extinct and Extant Mammalian Species. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 1. P. 88–94. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2018-13-1-88-94Ghosh A., Basu Sh., Jabin G., Khatri H., Singh S.K., et al. Wildlife Forensics in Voiding False Offences: A Case Study to Deal with Unidenti¬fied Cooked Meat. Forensic Science International: Reports. 2019. Vol. 1.1000011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2019.100011Ghosh A., Basu Sh., Jabin G., Khatri H., Singh S.K., et al. Wildlife Forensics in Voiding False Offences: A Case Study to Deal with Unidenti¬fied Cooked Meat. Forensic Science International: Reports. 2019. Vol. 1.1000011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2019.100011Arati I. Forensic DNA Analysis for Animal Protection and Biodiversity Conservation: A Review. Journal for Nature Conservation. 2014. Vol. 22. No. 3. P. 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.12.001Arati I. Forensic DNA Analysis for Animal Protection and Biodiversity Conservation: A Review. Journal for Nature Conservation. 2014. Vol. 22. No. 3. P. 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.12.001Coghlan M.L., Haile J., Houston J., Murray D.C., White N.E., Moolhuijzen P., Bellgard M.I., Bunce M. Deep Sequencing of Plant and Animal DNA Contained within Traditional Chinese Medicines Reveals Legality Issues and Health Safety Concerns. PLoS Genet. 2012. 8(4):e1002657. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002657Coghlan M.L., Haile J., Houston J., Murray D.C., White N.E., Moolhuijzen P., Bellgard M.I., Bunce M. Deep Sequencing of Plant and Animal DNA Contained within Traditional Chinese Medicines Reveals Legality Issues and Health Safety Concerns. PLoS Genet. 2012. 8(4):e1002657. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002657McCord B.R., Gauthier Q., Cho S., Roig M.N., Gibson-Daw G.C., Young B., Taglia F., Zapico S.C., Mariot R.F., Lee S.B., Dunca G. Forensic DNA Analysis. Anal. Chem. 2019. Vol. 91. No. 1. P. 673–688. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05318McCord B.R., Gauthier Q., Cho S., Roig M.N., Gibson-Daw G.C., Young B., Taglia F., Zapico S.C., Mariot R.F., Lee S.B., Dunca G. Forensic DNA Analysis. Anal. Chem. 2019. Vol. 91. No. 1. P. 673–688. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05318Vipin, Sharma V., Sharma Ch.P., Kumar V.P., Goyal S.P. Pioneer Identification of Fake Tiger Claws Using Morphometric and DNA-Based Analysis in Wildlife Forensics in India. Forensic Science International. 2016. Vol. 266. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.